118 elements and their symbols

118 elements and their symbols

118 elements and their symbols were discovered now.

When we study about elements we come to know that elements were discovered and arranged in the form of a table by Mendleeve.

He arranged the elements according to their increasing atomic masses. And this is the first attempt to arrange the elements.

Later on this attempt has been rejected and the elements again arranged by another scientists Mosely.

He arranged the elements according to increasing their atomic number. And now a days this arrangement is used.

The periodic table consist of 7periods and 18 groups.

Periods are the horizontal lines in the periodic table from left to right .

While groups are the vertical columns in the periodic table.

118 elements and their symbols

Name of the Element	Symbol of the Element	Atomic Number
Hydrogen	H	1
Helium	He	2
Lithium	Li	3
Beryllium	Be	4
Boron	B	5
Carbon	C	6
Nitrogen	N	7
Oxygen	O	8
Fluorine	F	9
Neon	Ne	10
Sodium	Na	11
Magnesium	Mg	12
Aluminium	Al	13
Silicon	Si	14
Phosphorus	P	15
Sulfur	S	16
Chlorine	Cl	17
Argon	Ar	18
Potassium	K	19
Calcium	Ca	20
Scandium	Sc	21
Titanium	Ti	22
Vanadium	V	23
Chromium	Cr	24
Manganese	Mn	25
Iron	Fe	26
Cobalt	Co	27
Nickel	Ni	28
Copper	Cu	29
Zinc	Zn	30
Gallium	Ga	31
Germanium	Ge	32
Arsenic	As	33
Selenium	Se	34
Bromine	Br	35
Krypton	Kr	36
Rubidium	Rb	37
Strontium	Sr	38
Yttrium	Y	39
Zirconium	Zr	40
Niobium	Nb	41
Molybdenum	Mo	42
Technetium	Tc	43
Ruthenium	Ru	44
Rhodium	Rh	45
Palladium	Pd	46
Silver	Ag	47
Cadmium	Cd	48
Indium	In	49
Tin	Sn	50
Antimony	Sb	51
Tellurium	Te	52
Iodine	I	53
Xenon	Xe	54
Cesium	Cs	55
Barium	Ba	56
Lanthanum	La	57
Cerium	Ce	58
Praseodymium	Pr	59
Neodymium	Nd	60
Promethium	Pm	61
Samarium	Sm	62
Europium	Eu	63
Gadolinium	Gd	64
Terbium	Tb	65
Dysprosium	Dy	66
Holmium	Ho	67
Erbium	Er	68
Thulium	Tm	69
Ytterbium	Yb	70
Lutetium	Lu	71
Hafnium	Hf	72
Tantalum	Ta	73
Tungsten	W	74
Rhenium	Re	75
Osmium	Os	76
Iridium	Ir	77
Platinum	Pt	78
Gold	Au	79
Mercury	Hg	80
Thallium	Tl	81
Lead	Pb	82
Bismuth	Bi	83
Polonium	Po	84
Astatine	At	85
Radon	Rn	86
Francium	Fr	87
Radium	Ra	88
Actinium	Ac	89
Thorium	Th	90
Protactinium	Pa	91
Uranium	U	92
Neptunium	Np	93
Plutonium	Pu	94
Americium	Am	95
Curium	Cm	96
Berkelium	Bk	97
Californium	Cf	98
Einsteinium	Es	99
Fermium	Fm	100
Mendelevium	Md	101
Nobelium	No	102
Lawrencium	Lr	103
Rutherfordium	Rf	104
Dubnium	Db	105
Seaborgium	Sg	106
Bohrium	Bh	107
Hassium	Hs	108
Meitnerium	Mt	109
Darmstadtium	Ds	110
Roentgenium	Rg	111
Copernicium	Cn	112
Nihonium	Nh	113
Flerovium	Fl	114
Moscovium	Mc	115
Livermorium	Lv	116
Tennessine	Ts	117
Oganesson	Og	118

Definition of elements

We can say that every thing around us is composed of elements. Our universe is also composed of many types of elements. Elements is simply defined as,

It is a substance that is made from same type of atoms,  which have same atomic number and it cannot be broken down into simple substances with the help of chemical sources .

Examples;

Oxygen, silver, hydrogen, nitrogen, argon etc.

An element is a substance formed by the same type of atoms. It cannot break down into another simpler substance. Everything in the universe contains atoms of one or more elements.

The number of electrons in the atom of a element can vary.

Early concept of Element

In the early ages, only nine elements were known as :

Carbon, Gold, silver, Tin, Mercury, Lead  Copper, Iron and Sulphur.

In ancient  time, it was considered that were the substance that could not be broken down into simpler units by ordinary chemical process. Until the end of nineteenth century sixty three elements had been discovered.

Now, 118 elements have been discovered,  out of which 92 are naturally occurring elements.The discovery of elements is not over. And new elements are discovering with the passing days. And there is large space in periodic table to accommodate these new elements.

Properties of Elements

Some typical properties of elements are as follows :

1. Elements occur in nature in free and combined form.

2. Elements may be solids, liquids or gases.

3. Each element is made up of unique and pure type of atoms.

4. All atoms have very specific properties.

5. Elements cannot be broken down by various chemical means into two or more different simpler substances.

• Majority of elements exist in solid state e.g , sodium, copper, zinc and gold etc.
• There are few elements which occur in liquid state e.g mercury and bromine.
• A very few elements exist as gases e.g nitrogen, oxygen, chlorine and hydrogen.

6. All naturally occurring elements found in the world have different percentage in the Earth’s crust, oceans and atmosphere.

7. The elements are represented by “Symbols” which are abbreviation for the name of elements.

Note: (A symbol is taken from the name of that element in English,  Latin, Greek or German)

In case of one letter symbol :

Symbol of hydrogen is “H” symbol of carbon is “C”

And In case of two letter symbol :

Symbol of calcium “Ca”

Symbol of sodium “Na”

8. The unique property of an element is “Valency” . It is combining capacity of an element with other elements. It depends on the number of electrons in the outermost shell.

Classification of elements

On the behalf of the properties we can divide the elements as :

• Metals
• Non metals
• Metalloids

Metals:

An element which is good conductor of heat and electricity,  malleable and ductile and has a shiny surface is called a metal.

Examples :

Sodium, silver, Iron etc.

Non-metals:

An element which is a bad conductor of heat and electricity and  not malleable and not ductile and not shiny in nature is called a non-metal.

Examples :

Hydrogen, chlorine (gas)

Bromine (liquid)

Carbon, sulphur (solid)

Metalloids:

An element which have properties of both metals and non-metals is called a metalloid.

Examples :

Antimony (Sb), Silicon (So), Boron (B).